This article provides a concise overview of each main skin type and offers care recommendations, with additional reading suggestions for those interested in delving deeper.
'Normal' Skin
Skin labeled as 'normal,' despite the imperfect term, isn't overly oily or dry; it maintains a moderate sebum production. It is characterized by small pores, a fine texture, an even tone, and a supple, smooth surface with minimal blemishes. Deviations from these traits are not considered 'abnormal.' Contrary to the name, this skin type is more of an exception than the norm.
Even individuals fortunate enough to naturally possess skin fitting this description should still strive to maintain its balance. This involves using gentle yet effective formulations for cleansing, toning, and hydrating. Additionally, integrate bi-weekly exfoliation and deep cleansing, along with nourishing treatments as necessary.
Oily Skin
Typically, oily skin is identified by its shiny look, enlarged pores, and heightened susceptibility to congestion. These traits stem from an excessive production of sebum, an oily and waxy substance that functions to protect, waterproof, and lubricate the skin.
Increased sebum production can be attributed to a range of factors, both internal and external. These factors encompass genetics, hormonal fluctuations during phases like puberty, pregnancy, menopause, stress, or the menstrual cycle. Environmental conditions also play a role; for instance, hot and humid weather tends to escalate sebum production, while artificial heating and cooling can lead to skin dehydration, triggering an elevated sebum output to retain more moisture.
To restore and uphold balance, diligent cleansing and gentle yet effective hydration are essential for oily skin. We recommend using formulations that target excess sebum without completely stripping the skin of its natural oils. While it may be tempting to over-cleanse and under-moisturize in an attempt to address the shiny appearance, such practices can lead to skin producing more oil due to moisture depletion.
Dry Skin
In skincare, 'dry' can be misleading—it's not about lacking moisture but insufficient sebum production, opposite to 'oily,' not 'wet.' Dryness compromises the lipid barrier, making skin prone to dehydration and increased sensitivity. It may show a scaly texture, dull appearance, and lead to feelings of tightness, especially post-cleansing, sometimes accompanied by redness and discomfort.
Dryness can stem from factors like exposure to cold weather, low humidity, or air-conditioned/heated environments. Biological influences such as heredity, aging, and hormonal fluctuations can also contribute.
To address dryness, prioritise proper cleansing and toning, emphasising gentle techniques. Avoid extended periods in hot showers, as steam exacerbates the issue. Gentle exfoliation once or twice a week is beneficial. Opt for alcohol-free toners to maintain natural oils and provide initial hydration. Apply an emollient moisturiser morning and evening to nourish the skin's outer layer and maintain hydration. Supplement with periodic use of a hydrating mask or facial oil for added nourishment.
Combination Skin
Combination skin, as indicated by its name, displays features of both dry and oily skin in distinct facial areas. The T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) or the O-zone (around the mouth) commonly exhibits oiliness, while dryness is typically observed on the cheeks and under the eyes. This imbalance, influenced by genetic factors, renders the skin sensitive to hormonal and environmental shifts, making it susceptible to reactivity and breakouts. Elevated sebum production in oilier regions may also result in congestion and irritation.
Combination skin benefits from ingredients targeting both oily and dry concerns. Opt for formulations designed for the complex needs of combination skin across the face and neck. These products should delicately cleanse, control excess sebum, soothe irritation, and provide lightweight hydration—a nuanced balancing act without overburdening the skin.